Benjamin White, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism: Vol. 7, No. 1, 2007
The research paper was summarised by the Free Syrian Translators
A minority can be defined as a “ ‘group distinguished by common ties of descent, physical appearance, language, culture or religion, in virtue of which they feel or are regarded as different from the majority of the population in a society’ (Bullock 1988: ‘minorities’), a distinction understood to have political significance.”
Minorities are modern political groupings that resulted from the formation of nation-states. Actually the word ‘minority’ itself did not appear in European dictionaries and Encyclopedia (at least those in English and French) until the early 20th C., particularly after WWI when the League of Nations ‘inaugurated an era in which the nation became the only internationally legitimate state form.’ In the beginning it was used to refer to religious minorities, and then later the meaning was extended to include ethnic and other types of minorities.
In the past, demographics did not determine which religious group was subordinate to the other. Hence it was common for a numerically superior group to be ruled over by a smaller religious group, as it was the case in the Arab caliphate and various Ottoman provinces.
There are certain philosophical and geographical preconditions for the concept of minority to acquire its current meaning:
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